Master Django ORM, views, templates, and authentication with Python web framework questions
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Django ORM and QuerySets
Models, views, and templates (MVT)
Django Rest Framework (DRF)
Authentication and permissions
Middleware and signals
Celery and async tasks
A: Django ORM maps Python objects to database tables. N+1 problem: fetching list of objects, then accessing related objects in loop causes N extra queries. Solution: use select_related() for foreign keys (JOIN), prefetch_related() for many-to-many (separate query). Always check queries with django-debug-toolbar.
A: select_related: SQL JOIN, single query, follows foreign keys and one-to-one. prefetch_related: separate queries, many-to-many and reverse foreign keys. Use select_related for forward foreign key, prefetch_related for reverse relations and M2M. Can chain both for complex queries.
A: Middleware is hooks into Django's request/response processing. Each middleware processes requests before views, responses after. Order matters! Use cases: authentication, CSRF protection, session management, caching, logging. Custom middleware: process_request, process_response, process_exception methods.
A: Migrations track database schema changes. makemigrations creates migration files from model changes. migrate applies migrations to database. Migrations are Python files with operations (CreateModel, AddField, etc.). Can be reversed (unapplied). Use data migrations for data changes, schema migrations for structure.
Master Django ORM optimization: select_related, prefetch_related, only, defer
Understand Class-Based Views vs Function-Based Views and when to use each
Know Django Rest Framework for building APIs
Practice with Django signals and when to avoid them
Understand Django's security features: CSRF, SQL injection prevention, XSS protection
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