Develop, deploy, and debug cloud applications for the DVA-C02 certification
Start Practicing NowBuild applications with Lambda, API Gateway, EventBridge, and Step Functions
Master CodeCommit, CodeBuild, CodeDeploy, and CodePipeline for automated deployments
Use SQS, SNS, EventBridge, and DynamoDB Streams for decoupled architectures
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Lambda functions and event-driven architecture
API Gateway and RESTful APIs
DynamoDB design patterns and DAX
CI/CD with CodePipeline and CodeDeploy
Elastic Beanstalk deployments
CloudWatch monitoring and X-Ray debugging
IAM roles for applications
S3 event notifications and integrations
SQS, SNS, and event-driven messaging
A: API Gateway has default limit: 10,000 RPS burst, 5,000 RPS steady. Handle throttling: implement exponential backoff in client code, cache responses at CloudFront/API Gateway level, use usage plans and API keys for different customer tiers. Set method-level throttling for critical endpoints. Monitor with CloudWatch 4XXError and 5XXError metrics. For higher limits, request quota increase.
A: Partition key distributes data across partitions (must be unique if no sort key). Sort key allows multiple items with same partition key, enables range queries. Best practices: choose high-cardinality partition key for even distribution, avoid hot partitions, use composite keys for hierarchical data, leverage GSIs for additional query patterns, use sparse indexes to save cost. Example: PK=UserId, SK=Timestamp for time-series data.
A: CodeCommit (source) → CodeBuild (test & build deployment package) → CodeDeploy (deploy with canary/linear deployment). Use SAM/CloudFormation for infrastructure. Add: CodePipeline to orchestrate stages, approval gates for production, environment variables for configuration, Lambda versions and aliases for safe deployments. Implement: unit tests, integration tests, security scanning. Use CloudWatch for monitoring, rollback on errors.
A: Standard: at-least-once delivery, best-effort ordering, unlimited throughput, may have duplicates. FIFO: exactly-once processing, strict ordering within message group, 300 TPS (3000 with batching), message group ID for parallel processing, deduplication ID to prevent duplicates. Use Standard for throughput, FIFO for order-critical workflows. FIFO requires .fifo suffix, costs slightly more.
A: Use X-Ray for distributed tracing (enable in Lambda config), CloudWatch Logs for detailed logging (use structured logging), CloudWatch Insights for querying logs, Lambda Insights for performance metrics. Implement: custom metrics, error tracking, correlation IDs across services. For local development: SAM CLI, LocalStack. Set appropriate log retention. Use dead letter queues for failed async invocations.
A: Unreserved: default pool shared by all functions, 1000 concurrent executions per region. Reserved: guarantees capacity for function, subtracts from account limit, prevents throttling but doesn't prevent cold starts. Provisioned: pre-initialized instances, eliminates cold starts, costs more. Use reserved for critical functions, provisioned for latency-sensitive workloads. Monitor ConcurrentExecutions and Throttles metrics.
A: Create clone environment with new version, test thoroughly, use Route 53 or Load Balancer to shift traffic. Beanstalk methods: 1) Swap environment URLs (instant switch), 2) Deploy to new environment, update DNS (gradual with TTL). Benefits: zero downtime, quick rollback. Alternative: use deployment policies (All at Once, Rolling, Immutable, Traffic Splitting). Monitor with CloudWatch, set up health checks.
A: DynamoDB Streams capture item-level changes (INSERT, MODIFY, REMOVE) in time-ordered sequence, retained for 24 hours. Process with Lambda triggers (common), Kinesis Data Streams, or direct stream reading. Use cases: data replication, aggregation, notifications, audit logs. Configure view type: KEYS_ONLY, NEW_IMAGE, OLD_IMAGE, NEW_AND_OLD_IMAGES. Lambda polls shards, processes in order, automatically handles shard management.
Master Lambda: triggers, concurrency, layers, environment variables, VPC configuration
Know DynamoDB design patterns: single-table design, GSIs, LSIs, streams
Understand event-driven architecture: SQS, SNS, EventBridge, Step Functions
Practice with CodeDeploy deployment strategies: All-at-once, Linear, Canary
Study IAM roles for services: execution roles, task roles, assume role policies
Master debugging tools: X-Ray, CloudWatch Logs Insights, Lambda Insights
Know Secrets Manager and Parameter Store for configuration management
Understand API Gateway: stages, throttling, caching, authorizers (Lambda, Cognito)
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